Abstract Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) composed of high-energy, heavy particles (HZE) poses potentially serious hazards to long-duration crewed missions in deep space beyond earth’s magnetosphere, including planned missions to Mars.Chronic effects of GCR exposure on brain structure and cognitive function are poorly understood, thereby limiting
Introduction Delirium is a major public health issue for surgical patients and their families because it is associated with increased mortality, cognitive and functional decline, prolonged hospital admission and increased healthcare expenditures.Based on preliminary data, this trial tests the hypothesis that intravenous caffeine, given postoperativ
The estimation of disease prevalence in online search engine data (e.g., Google Flu Trends (GFT)) has received a considerable amount of scholarly and public attention in recent years.While the utility of search engine data for disease surveillance has been demonstrated, the scientific community still seeks ways to identify and reduce biases that ar
In response to the pressing need for robust disease diagnosis from gastrointestinal tract (GIT) endoscopic images, we proposed FLATer, a fast, lightweight, and highly accurate transformer-based model.FLATer consists of a residual block, a vision transformer module, and a spatial attention block, which concurrently focuses on local features and glob
Modern cryptographic systems use substitution boxes (S-boxes) throughout the encryption process to enhance the security of the plaintext.The integrity of the communication process is ensured by these S-boxes, which are vital in converting the ciphertext back into the original plaintext during the decryption phase.The cryptographic strength of a cer